my mind is blowing - linux security

my mind is blowing.

I have been served with a severe complicated linux permissions related which question which is

linux file and directory permission which are served with read (weightage - 4) write (weightage - 2) and execute (weightage - 1) this is not complicated with 777 access representation or -rwxrwxrwx representation but with setfacl i mean the acl's iptables and pam files which add more security are creating more complications to it

i have been bombarded with the setfacl command's application its not exactly use of setfacl but determining the other permissions when the only some are mentioned and others are not implicit